Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

P. Bharathi ¹, A. Gopala Reddy ¹, A. Rajasekher Reddy ², M. Alpharaj ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad – 30, IN
2 College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A total of 225 male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of day-old age were procured for the study. The chicks were randomly divided into 15 groups consisting of 15 chicks in each group. Group 1 was maintained as basal diet control and group 2 on chlorpyrifos (CPS) at 100 ppm in feed throughout 6 wk as iron toxic control without any treatment. Groups 3–15 were maintained on CPS at 100 ppm in feed for the 4 wk (28 days) of study and thereafter administered with different herbs and their combinations for remaining 2 wk. The blood samples were drawn from wing vein on 28^th day and 42^ndd day from the birds in each group for the estimation of lipid and protein profiles. The birds were sacrificed at the end of 6th week and liver tissues were collected for histological examination. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin and globulins and the A/G ratio were increased significantly (P<0.05) in toxic groups (2–15), while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the end of 4^th week. However, following supplementation of herbs and herbal combinations, the values of lipid and protein profile in groups 3–15 revived toward normal at the end of 6^th week. Histopathology of liver in CPS toxic control (group 2) revealed areas of degeneration, while groups 3–15 that were treated with herbs and their combinations exhibited these changes in a milder form, indicating regenerative alterations. The study revealed that chorpyrifos-induced changes in lipid and protein profile were improved by supplementation of certain herbs.

Keywords

Broilers, chlorpyrifos, lipid profile, protein profile

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V. Ramakrishnan ¹, A. Gopala Reddy ¹, A. Rajasekher Reddy ², C. Haritha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN
2 Associate Dean, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A total of 225 male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of day-old age were randomly divided into 15 groups consisting of 15 chicks in each group. Group 1 was maintained as basal diet control and group 2 on ferrous sulfate at 0.5% in feed throughout 6 wk as iron toxic control without any treatment. Groups 3-15 were maintained on FeSO₄ at 0.5% in feed for the 4 wk (28 days) of study and thereafter administered with different herbs and their combinations for the remaining 2 wk. The blood samples were drawn from wing vein at the end of 4_th and 6_th weeks from the birds in each group for the assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Sera samples were separated from the blood for the estimation of alanine transaminase (ALT) and serum creatinine. The birds were sacrificed at the end of 6_th wk and tissues were collected for the assay of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver and kidney homogenates. The activities of SOD, catalase and ALT, and the concentration of TBARS and serum creatinine were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the concentration of tissue GSH was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all the groups as compared to basal diet control and the values showed significant improvement in groups 3-15 that were treated during the last 2 weeks. It is concluded that iron induces toxicity by generating reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant herbs are useful in treating the iron-induced toxicity.

Keywords

Broilers, herbs, iron, oxidative stress

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